صاحب‌خبر - The conservative opposition CDU/CSU has won the most votes in Germany’s general election, preliminary results indicated, but a dramatic surge by the far-right Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) party is likely to complicate the formation of a government to help spearhead a European response to growing global threats. The CDU/CSU candidate, Friedrich Merz, appeared best placed to be tasked with forming a ruling coalition on Sunday night after clinching roughly 29% of the vote amid high turnout, according to exit polls released on public television networks. “I’d like to express my respect for our political rivals – it was a very tough campaign,” he said. “Now we need to talk to each other and as quickly as possible form a government for Germany that can take action so that we can do the right thing at home, be present again in Europe and make sure the world sees that Germany again has a reliable government.” The AfD, buoyed up by anger about immigration, violent crime and high energy costs, garnered about 20% of the vote – coming in second place and nearly doubling its result at the last election in 2021. The party’s jubilant chancellor candidate and co-leader, Alice Weidel, cheered the outcome with AfD officials including extremist firebrand Björn Höcke, who has been convicted for using the banned Nazi slogan “Alles für Deutschland” (Everything for Germany) in campaign speeches. “This is a historic success for us – our best result ever,” Weidel told the broadcaster ARD. “We extend our hand to offer cooperation with the CDU. Otherwise change won’t be possible in Germany.” All the centrist parties, however, have pledged to maintain a “firewall” barring formal cooperation with the anti-migrant, pro-Kremlin AfD, which attracted high-profile endorsements from Donald Trump’s confidant, Elon Musk, and the US vice-president, JD Vance, during the short, intense campaign. View image in fullscreen Olaf Scholz oversaw his party’s worst performance since the second world war, with exit polls showing the Social Democrats only received 16% of the vote. Photograph: Lisi Niesner/Reuters The incumbent chancellor, Olaf Scholz, turned in the worst performance for his Social Democrats since the second world war, with about 16%, the exit polls showed. He had led a fractious three-way government until it collapsed in November over a dispute on spending priorities – just hours after Trump’s re-election – triggering the snap German poll seven months ahead of schedule. A chastened Scholz called it a “bitter result” and a “defeat” but struck a defiant tone on the strength of the far right, saying it was “something that we can never simply accept”. Voters also punished Scholz’s junior partners, the ecologist Greens, who slipped a point to 13.5%, and the pro-business Free Democrats (FDP), who the exit polls had teetering on the 5% hurdle to representation in parliament. The far-left Linke drew more than 8% after a remarkable late-campaign comeback, while a new populist left-conservative party, the Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance (BSW), fizzled out after strong showings in European and state elections last year to tally jsut below 5%. Merz’s conservatives, who fell far short of an absolute majority, will need to seek an alliance to govern, with the goal of having a new administration in place by Easter. Depending on how many parties win seats when the final results are in, he will either need one or two parties to form a coalition, likely the Social Democrats and possibly the Greens. The AfD is set to become the biggest opposition party even while it is under surveillance by security authorities as a suspected extremist force. It has grown steadily more radical since its launch by Eurosceptic professors 12 years ago. It has also taken direct aim at Germany’s culture of atonement for the Holocaust. During a televised debate last weekend, Weidel explicitly refused to distance herself from remarks by one of the AfD’s founders calling the Nazi period “no more than a speck of bird poo in over 1,000 years of successful history”. Merz, a sharp-tempered corporate lawyer and veteran MP with no experience leading a government, will face a towering in-tray as chancellor, a position he has chased for decades. Who is Friedrich Merz and what’s in his in-tray? Read more View image in fullscreen Heidi Reichinnek, centre, celebrates the poll results for the far-left Linke, which is projected to have received more than 8% of the vote. Photograph: Ronald Wittek/EPA Jumpstarting the sputtering economy, grappling with the breakdown in transatlantic relations under Trump and forging a path forward for besieged Ukraine are just a few of the challenges facing Germany, as Europe seeks stronger leadership in a more volatile world. News weekly Die Zeit said given the new global realities, Merz was now facing “a mountain of problems of mythical proportions”. The mood of the campaign was markedly grimmer than usual, analysts observed, with a sense that the rise of the AfD was keeping the focus on immigration at the expense of other pressing issues such as soaring housing costs and the climate crisis. Merz did not mention the AfD’s strong result as he addressed his own party faithful, but took a more conciliatory tone with centrist opponents than he had in recent days. To the voters, he added: “Thank you for the trust you have placed in us and also in me personally – I understand the responsibility and the scope of the task ahead of me and I will face it with the greatest respect. I know it won’t be easy.” A series of deadly attacks with suspects from migrant backgrounds gave the AfD’s Weidel grist for her calls for radical changes to border policy, including mass deportation of immigrants and German citizens deemed poorly integrated, keeping Merz, in particular, struggling to outflank her. The latest shocking assault came on Friday, when a Spanish tourist was stabbed at Berlin’s Holocaust memorial, allegedly by a 19-year-old Syrian refugee who prosecutors said planned to kill Jews. “Migration dominated the campaign and going forward, the new government will have to find policies that comply with German law and don’t undermine the EU, which is going to be a huge challenge,” the political scientist Aiko Wagner of Berlin’s Free University told the Guardian. View image in fullscreen Alice Weidel, the co-leader of the far-right Alternative für Deutschland party, embraces Björn Höcke after the exit poll result. Photograph: Sören Stache/EPA “But the biggest challenge of all is going to be forming a stable coalition that also has the strength to cut the AfD down to size.” Exit polls showed the AfD did well among younger voters, winning in the 25-34 age bracket with 22%, ahead of CDU/CSU at 18%, and the Greens and Die Linke at 16% each. Merz’s conservatives ceded about 850,000 voters to the AfD compared to four years ago, while the SPD saw heavy losses to the far right among the working class. At this month’s Munich security conference, Vance denounced the “firewall” against the AfD as undemocratic in a brazen intervention into the campaign. His remarks drew a strong rebuke from Merz, who pledged to bar the far right from any government he leads. Merz has offered an action plan to revive the German economy, the world’s third largest, by cutting corporate taxes while expressing openness to reforming the strict “debt brake” that limits federal government annual borrowing to 0.35% of GDP. But any policy initiatives will have to be agreed by potential partners in what are expected to be protracted coalition talks.∎​